Challenges of cross–sectoral collaboration of social enterprises in the Baltic states
Keywords:
Social enterprise, Cross-sector collaboration, Partenerships
Abstract
Social enterprises are a new phenomenon in the Baltic States. To create a substantial social impact in society and scale their business, social enterprises in Baltic states need to create partnerships and collaborate with di fferent sectors. By forming partnerships with different sectors, social enterprises can provide effective solutions to social problems. The aim of this article is to identify the main factors for social enterprises to create successful collaboration and partnerships with private, and public sector organisations. The methods of research are an analysis of scientific literature, social entrepreneurs’ interviews, content analysis. The study also analyzed the main obstacles for social enterprises to collaborate with different sectors. The empirical findings of the study disclosed how to improve partnerships development with private, and public sectors. Following the theoretical and empirical research, the article suggests possible means of improving and developing partnerships.
References
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Raudsaar, M., & Kaseorg, M. (2013). An exploration of social entrepreneurship in Estonia. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2 (2), 19–29.
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Sakarya, S., Bodur, M., Yildirim-Öktem, Ö., & Selekler-Göksen, N. (2012). Social alliances: Business and social enterprise collaboration for social transformation. Journal of Business Research, 65(12), 1710-1720.
Sannikova, A., & Brante, I. (2018). Development of social entrepreneurship in Latvia. Business, Management and Education, 16, 147–159.
Schirmer, H., & Cameron, H. (2012). Collaborations and partnerships. In Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business (pp. 83- 101). Gabler Verlag.
Seferian, N (2019). The difference—and relationship—between Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Entrepreneurship. Social Innovation Academy. Retrieved Janurary 25, 2021 from http://www.socialinnovationacademy.eu/the-difference- and-relationship-between-corporate-social-responsibility-and-social- entrepreneurship/?fbclid=IwAR3fSC1twetNSqf6tqHIjGeHIVdnAmtVlZKamzvBfJphH2k0PZvlgWIu_OU
Selsky, J. W. (2005). Cross-Sector Partnerships to Address Social Issues: Challenges to Theory and Practice. Journal of Management 31(6), 1–25.
Trybus, M., & Andrecka, M. (2017). Favouring Small and Medium Sized Enterprises with Directive 2014/24/EU? European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review, 12(3), 224–238. https://doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2017/3/6
Urmanavičienė, A. (2019). Užimtumo srityje veikiančių socialinių įmonių kuriamo socialinio poveikio vertinimo įgyvendinimas Baltijos šalyse (Doctoral dissertation, Mykolo Romerio universitetas). Retrieved March 25, 2021 from: https://repository.mruni.eu/handle/007/10513/browse?type=author&value=Urmanavi%C4%8Dien%C4%97%2C+Audron %C4%97
Urmanaviciene, A. (2020). WISEs’ Social Impact Measurement in the Baltic States. European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy, 1(2), 48-75. https://doi.org/10.13135/2704-9906/5091
Vijsel, A. v. v. d. (2014, July 14). The challenge of the social partnership. The Broker. Retrieved January 25, 2021 from https://www.thebrokeronline.eu/the-challenge-of-the-social-partnership-d40/
Volkmann, C. K., Tokarski, K. O., & Ernst, K. (2012). Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business: An Introduction and Discussion with Case Studies (2012th ed.). Gabler Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-7093-0_10
Waddock, S. A. (1988). Building Successful Partnerships. Sloan Management Review Summer, 17–23.
Weber, C., Haugh, H., Göbel, M., & Leonardy, H. (2021). Pathways to Lasting Cross-Sector Social Collaboration: A
Configurational Study. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-27.
Wei-Skillern, J., Austin, J. E., Leonard, H., & Stevenson, H. (2007). Entrepreneurship in the social sector. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Zeyen, A., & Beckmann, M. (2018). Social Entrepreneurship and Business Ethics: Understanding the Contribution and Normative Ambivalence of Purpose-driven Venturing. Routledge.
Alter, S.K. (2006). "Social Enterprise Models and Their Mission and Money Relationships", in Nicholls, A. (Ed.), Social Entrepreneurship. New Models of Sustainable Social Change, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 205-232
Barth, B., C. F. (2018). Cross-sector Collaboration for Better Social Outcomes. Berlin: European Venture Philanthropy Association
Bovis, C. (2015). European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review (EDITORIAL: Building Social Value in Public Procurement) (No. 4 (2015) ed., V ol. 10). Lexxion V erlagsgesellschaft mbH, 227-230. https://doi.org/10.2307/26695060
CAN, C. A. (2005). Match winners. A guide to commercial collaborations between social enterprise and private sector business. Community Action Network (CAN). Retrieved January 2, 2021 from https://s3-ap- southeast2.amazonaws.com/www.yooyahcloud.com/MOSSCOMMUNICATIONS/neXgK/Social_Enterprise_Mag.pdf
Čižikienė, J., & Čižikaitė, A. (2013). Socialinių įmonių plėtros kryptys Lietuvoje. Kaimo raidos kryptys žinių visuomenėje, 17–27
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
De Malsche, N. (2016). Social Entrepreneurship. RESET. Retrieved March 25, 2021 from
https://en.reset.org/knowledge/social-entrepreneurship-07042016
Dobele, L. (2016). The Legal Framework and Support Instruments for Social Entrepreneurship Development in Latvia. In The Innovative Content of Caritative Social Work, Vol. 4 (p. 234–246). Rīga, Latvia: Latvia Christian Academy.
European Commision. (2020). Social Enterprises and Their Ecosystems in Europe – Comparative Synthesis Report. Retrieved March 25, 2021 from http://www.socialenterprisebsr.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Social-enterprises-and-their-ecosystems-in-Europe.-Comparative-synthesis-report.-Executive-Summary.pdf.
European Commision. (2021). Social Enterprises. Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and Small and Medium Enterprises. Retrieved February 19, 2021, from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/social- economy/enterprises_nl#:~:text=What%20are%20social%20enterprises%3F,for%20their%20owners%20or%20shareholders
Evans, R., Raudsaar, M., Līcīte-Ķurbe, L., Butkevičienė, E., Erpf, P., Urmanavičienė, A., & Raišienė, A. G. (2021). 15 Social Enterprises in Rural Areas. Social Enterprise in Central and Eastern Europe: Theory, Models and Practice, 252.
Fu, J. S. (2019). Cross-Sector Social Partnerships for Social Entrepreneurship Organizing. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2019, No. 1, p. 11977). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management
Greblikaitė, J., Gerulaitienė, N., Žiukaitė, Z., & Garcia-Machado, J. J. (2017). Social Economy: the Potential and Challenges of Social Enterprises in Lithuania. European Integration Studies, (11), 53–64
Greblikaitė, J., Rakštys, R., & Caruso, D. (2017). Social Entrepreneurship in Rural Development of Lithuania. Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development, 39 (2), 157–165
Greenpeace Philippines. (2019, October 23). Coca-Cola, Nestlé and PepsiCo named top plastic polluters for the second year in a row [Press release]. Retrieved March 6, 2021 from https://www.greenpeace.org/philippines/press/3647/coca-cola-nestle- and-pepsico-named-top-plastic-polluters-for-the-second-year-in-a-row/
Līcīte, L. European Commission (2018) Social enterprises and their ecosystems in Europe. Updated country report: Latvia. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Retrieved March 25, 2021 from http://www.lm.gov.lv/upload/socialais_zinojums/Social-enterprises-and-their-ecosystems-in-Europe.-Country-report- Latvia-4.pdf
Lyon, F. (2009). Social enterprises, cooperation and competition in delivery of public services. Review Paper, Third Sector Research Centre (TSRC) and Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research (CEEDR), Middlesex University.
Oborenko, Z., Rivža, B., & Živitere, M. (2018). Potential of non-governmental organisations in social entrepreneurship from the perspective of a regional city. In 10th International Scientific Conference “Business and Management 2018” Proceedings
OECD/EU (2019), "Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in Lithuania: In-depth policy review", OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers, No. 2019/02, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/502fc6ef-en
Pranskeviciute, I., Okuneviciute Nevarauskiene, L. (2018), “Social enterprises and their ecosystems in Europe: country report Lithuania”, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, pp. 79-82.
PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2019). Building the capacity and impact of social enterprises. PwC. Retrieved February 25, 2021 from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/about/stories-from-across-the-world/building-the-capacity-and-impact-of-social- enterprises-in-europe.html
Raišienė, A. G., & Urmanavičienė, A. (2017). Mission drift in a hybrid organization: how can social business combine its dual goals?. Ekonomski vjesnik/Econviews-Review of Contemporary Business, Entrepreneurship and Economic Issues, 30 (2), 301–310.
Raudsaar, M., & Kaseorg, M. (2013). An exploration of social entrepreneurship in Estonia. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2 (2), 19–29.
Reimann, K-L., (2019). Social enterprises and their ecosystems in Europe Country report : Estonia. Report, Retrieved January 25, 2021 from https://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=21574&langId=en
Reporter, G. S. (2012). Social enterprise can benefit from private sector help. The Guardian. Retrieved March 5, 2021 from https://www.theguardian.com/social-enterprise-network/2012/dec/06/social-enterprise-private-sector-help-skills
SAFEGE Baltija. (2020). State of play of the social entrepreneurship sector Report of the Interreg V-A Latvia-Lithuania Cross Border Cooperation Programme Region. Retrieved March 25, 2021 from: https://www.interregeurope.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_tevprojects/library/file_1612881495.pdf
Sakarya, S., Bodur, M., Yildirim-Öktem, Ö., & Selekler-Göksen, N. (2012). Social alliances: Business and social enterprise collaboration for social transformation. Journal of Business Research, 65(12), 1710-1720.
Sannikova, A., & Brante, I. (2018). Development of social entrepreneurship in Latvia. Business, Management and Education, 16, 147–159.
Schirmer, H., & Cameron, H. (2012). Collaborations and partnerships. In Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business (pp. 83- 101). Gabler Verlag.
Seferian, N (2019). The difference—and relationship—between Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Entrepreneurship. Social Innovation Academy. Retrieved Janurary 25, 2021 from http://www.socialinnovationacademy.eu/the-difference- and-relationship-between-corporate-social-responsibility-and-social- entrepreneurship/?fbclid=IwAR3fSC1twetNSqf6tqHIjGeHIVdnAmtVlZKamzvBfJphH2k0PZvlgWIu_OU
Selsky, J. W. (2005). Cross-Sector Partnerships to Address Social Issues: Challenges to Theory and Practice. Journal of Management 31(6), 1–25.
Trybus, M., & Andrecka, M. (2017). Favouring Small and Medium Sized Enterprises with Directive 2014/24/EU? European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review, 12(3), 224–238. https://doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2017/3/6
Urmanavičienė, A. (2019). Užimtumo srityje veikiančių socialinių įmonių kuriamo socialinio poveikio vertinimo įgyvendinimas Baltijos šalyse (Doctoral dissertation, Mykolo Romerio universitetas). Retrieved March 25, 2021 from: https://repository.mruni.eu/handle/007/10513/browse?type=author&value=Urmanavi%C4%8Dien%C4%97%2C+Audron %C4%97
Urmanaviciene, A. (2020). WISEs’ Social Impact Measurement in the Baltic States. European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy, 1(2), 48-75. https://doi.org/10.13135/2704-9906/5091
Vijsel, A. v. v. d. (2014, July 14). The challenge of the social partnership. The Broker. Retrieved January 25, 2021 from https://www.thebrokeronline.eu/the-challenge-of-the-social-partnership-d40/
Volkmann, C. K., Tokarski, K. O., & Ernst, K. (2012). Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business: An Introduction and Discussion with Case Studies (2012th ed.). Gabler Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-7093-0_10
Waddock, S. A. (1988). Building Successful Partnerships. Sloan Management Review Summer, 17–23.
Weber, C., Haugh, H., Göbel, M., & Leonardy, H. (2021). Pathways to Lasting Cross-Sector Social Collaboration: A
Configurational Study. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-27.
Wei-Skillern, J., Austin, J. E., Leonard, H., & Stevenson, H. (2007). Entrepreneurship in the social sector. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Zeyen, A., & Beckmann, M. (2018). Social Entrepreneurship and Business Ethics: Understanding the Contribution and Normative Ambivalence of Purpose-driven Venturing. Routledge.
Published
2021-07-14
How to Cite
Urmanaviciene, A., Chantzi, K., & Tambari, B. (2021). Challenges of cross–sectoral collaboration of social enterprises in the Baltic states . European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy, 2(2), 59-75. https://doi.org/10.13135/2704-9906/5487
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