Biophilic Design: How to enhance physical and psychological health and wellbeing in our built environments
Abstract
Biophilic Design is an applied science that takes into account the most recent findings on the relationship between Man and Nature to render artificial spaces more coherent with innate human biophilia. It is well known that the application of Biophilic Design reduces stress, stimulates creativity and clear thinking, improves physical and psychological well-being and accelerates healing. Considering the relentless process of global urbanization, these benefits will become increasingly important in the design of our urban spaces, architecture and interiors. The aim of the present study is to develop a conceptual framework for Biophilic Design, reducing the gap between scientific research and its translation into functional applications.
References
Arranz-Otaegui, A., Gonzalez Carretero. L., Ramsey, M.N., Fuller, D.Q. Richter, T. (2018) Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan. PNAS. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801071115
Barbiero, G. (2011) Biophilia and Gaia. Two Hypotheses for an Affective Ecology. J. Biourbanism, 1, 11–27.
Barbiero, G., Berto, R. (2016) Introduzione alla Biofilia. Roma, IT: Carocci.
Barbiero, G., Berto, R. (2018) From Biophilia to Naturalist Intelligence Pass-ing Through Perceived Restorativeness and Connection to Nature. Ann Rev Resear, 3(1): 555604.
Barbiero, G., Marconato, C. (2016) Biophilia as emotion. Vis Sustain 6, 45-51
Beatley, T. (2011) Biophilic Cities: What Are They? In: Biophilic Cities. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 45-81.
Berto, R., Barbiero, G. (2014) Mindful silence produces long lasting attentional performance in children. Vis. Sustain., 2, 49-60.
Berto, R., Barbiero, G. (2017a) How the psychological benefits associated with exposure to Nature can affect pro-environmental behaviour. Ann. Cogn. Sci. 1: 16-20
Berto, R., Barbiero, G. (2017b) The Biophilic Quality Index: A Tool
to Improve a Building from “Green” to Restorative. Vis. Sustain., 8, 38-45
Berto, R., Barbiero, G., Barbiero, P., Senes, G. (2018) Individual’s Connection to Nature Can Affect Perceived Restorativeness of Natural Environments. Some Observations about Biophilia. Behav. Sci, 8, 34.
Berto, R., Barbiero, G., Pasini, M., Unema, P. (2015a) Biophilic Design Triggers Fascination and Enhances Psychological Restoration in the Urban Environment. J. Biourbanism, 1, 26–35.
Berto, R., Pasini, M., Barbiero, G. (2015b) How Does Psychological Restoration Work in Children? An Exploratory Study. J Child Adolesc Behav, 3, 1–9.
Browning, W.D., Ryan, C.O., Clancy, J.O. (2014). 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design. New York, NY: Terrapin Bright Green, LLC.
Crutzen, P.J. (2006) The “Anthropocene”. In: Ehlers E., Krafft T. (eds) Earth System Science in the Anthropocene. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 13-18
Diamond, J. (1998) Guns, germs and steel: a short history of everybody for the last 13,000 years. New York, NY: Vintage.
Harvard Medical School (2018) Understanding the stress response.Chronic activation of this survival mechanism impairs health: https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/understanding-the-stress-response. Visited 28th, July.
Kaplan, S. (1995) The restorative effects of nature: Toward an integrative framework. J. Env. Psy. 15: 169-182.
Kellert, S (1997) Kinship to Mastery. Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Kellert, S. (2008) Dimensions, Elements and Attributes of Biophilic Design. In
Biophilic Design, ed. Kellert, S., Heerwagen, J., Mador, P. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Kellert, S. (2018) Nature by Design. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Kellert, S., Heerwagen, J., Mador, P., eds. (2008) Biophilic Design. The Theory, Science, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Kellert, S., Wilson, E.O. eds. (1993) The Biophilia Hypothesis; Washington, DC: Island Press.
Orians, G.H., Heerwagen, J.H. (1992) Evolved Responses to Landscapes. In The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture; Barkow, J.H., Cosmides, L., Tooby, J., Eds.; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA; pp. 555–579.
Shimizu, H., Okabe, M (2007) Evolutionary origin of autonomic regulation of physiological activities in vertebrate phyla. J Comp Physiol A 193:1013–1019
Sturgeon, A. (2017) Creating Biophilic Buildings. Seattle, WA: Ecotone.
Ulrich, R. (1993) Biophilia, Biophobia and Natural Landscapes. In eds. The Biophilia Hypothesis, ed. Kellert, S., Wilson, E.O. Washington, DC: Island Press, pp. 73-137.
Wilson, E.O. (1984) Biophilia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
Wilson, E.O. (1993) Biophilia and the Conservation Ethic. In The Biophilia Hypothesis, ed. Kellert, S., Wilson, E.O. Washington, DC: Island Press, pp. 31-41.
Worldbank (2018) https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS
