Sustainable tourism: tourists’ behaviour and their impact on the visited place
Keywords:
sustainable tourism, overtourism, tourist’s behaviour, tourism impacts, survey
Abstract
With part of society growing rich, ease of movement around the world, cheaper airline tickets, and big competition on the websites that offer accommodation, tourism is becoming more and more popular. Many places are becoming a destination for tourists, not only because of their tourist values but more often because of fashion. This, unfortunately, is associated with the increasing overcrowding in such places, and thus with the occurrence of the phenomenon termed overtourism. The salvation for such places is the attempts to incorporate the concepts of sustainable tourism into their operation. However, for this to be successful, tourists also need to understand the need for such activities, otherwise, it will be hard to do anything. The aim of this paper was to assess the attitudes of people in different regions of Europe towards sustainable tourism, with the emphasis on understanding the concept and using it in their travels. The survey was conducted in the form of an online questionnaire filled in by the residents of the countries of the Visegrád Group. The survey is part of a larger project on sustainable tourism and people's perceptions of this tourism in Europe. The results of the survey showed that the respondents understand what the concept of sustainable tourism means and what its assumptions are. However, this often does not translate into their behavior and using these assumptions in their lives as tourists. Conducting similar research, however, can inspire respondents to rethink and change their behavior.
References
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48. Peeters, P., & Dubois, G. (2010). Tourism travel under climate change mitigation constraints. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(3), 447-457. DOI:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.09.003
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57. Zelga-Szmidla, A., & Kapustka, K. (2019). Eco-Innovation in Municipalities as an Element of Smaller Agglomerations Sustainable Development - Case Study. Conference Quality Production Improvement – CQPI, 1(1), 110-116. DOI: 10.2478/cqpi-2019-0015
2. Al-Ansi, A., & Han, H. (2019). Role of halal-friendly destination performances, value, satisfaction, and trust in generating destination image and loyalty. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 13, 51-60
3. Ali, F., Kim, W.G., & Li, J. (2018). Make it delightful: Customers' experience, satisfaction and loyalty in Malaysian theme parks. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 7, 1-11
4. Anttila, J., & Jussila, K. (2018). Organizational learning in developing the integrated quality management. Production Engineering Archives, 18, 3-13. DOI: 10.30657/pea.2018.18.01
5. Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., & Falk, J. (2011). Visitors' learning for environmental sustainability: Testing short- and long-term impacts of wildlife tourism experiences using structural equation modelling. Tourism Management, 32, 1243-1252
6. Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., & Sutherland, L.A. (2011). Visitors' memories of wildlife tourism: Implications for the design of powerful interpretive experiences. Tourism Management, 32, 770-779
7. Barr, S., Shaw, G., & Coles, T. (2010). A holiday is a holiday': practicing sustainability, home and away. Journal of Transport Geography, 18, 474-481
8. Baryshnikova, N., Kiriliuk, O,. & Klimecka-Tatar, D. (2020). Management approach on food export expansion in the conditions of limited internal demand. Polish Journal Of Management Studies, 21(2), 101-114. DOI: 10.17512/pjms.2020.21.2.08
9. Beeton, S. (2016). Film-Induced Tourism. Channel View Publications, Clevedon
10. Hess, J. (2019). Thailand: shutting down a destination. In: Dodds, R., Butler, R. (eds.) Overtourism: Issues, Realities and Solutions, Degruyter, Berlin/Boston, MA, pp 111-240
11. Canavan, B. (2014). Sustainable tourism: development, decline and de-growth. Management issues from the Isle of Man. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(1), 127-147, DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2013.819876
12. Capocchi, A., Vallone, C., & Amaduzzi, A. (2019). Is 'overtourism' a new issue in tourism development or just a new term for an already known phenomenon?. Current Issues in Tourism, 23, 2235-2239
13. Cetin, M., Zeren, I., & Sevik, H. (2018). A study on the determination of the natural park's sustainable tourism potential. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(3), 167
14. Cheung, K.S., & Li, L.H. (2019). Understanding visitor-resident relations in overtourism: developing resilience for sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27, 1197-1216. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2019.1606815
15. Ciocan, H.N., Alecu, I.N., Condei, R., & Dona, I. (2020). Analysis of consumer preferences regarding tourism and roural tourism activity in Hunedoara county. Scientific Papers-Series Management Economic Engineering In Agriculture And Rural Development, 20(1), 137-144
16. Dauvergne, C. (2004). Sovereignty, Migration and the Rule of Law in Global Times. The Modern Law Review, 67(4), 125-138. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2004.00501.x
17. Deery, M., Jago, L., & Fredline, L. (2012). Rethinking social impacts of tourism research: A new research agenda. Tourism Management, 33(1), 64-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.01.026
18. Fang, Y., Yin, J., & Wu, B. (2018). Climate change and tourism: a scientometric analysis using CiteSpace. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(1), 108-126. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1329310
19. Femenia-Serra, F., Perles-Ribes, J.F., & Ivars-Baidal, J.A. (2019). Smart destinations and tech-savvy millennial tourists: hype versus reality. Tourism Review, 74(1), 63-81. DOI: 10.1108/TR-02-2018-0018
20. Fletcher, R., Murray Mas, I., & Blanco-Romero, A. (2019). Tourism and degrowth: an emerging agenda for research and praxis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1745-1763
21. Gilbert, J. (2014). Nomadic Peoples and Human Rights. University of East London, London, UK
22. Gonzalez, V.M., Coromina, L., & Galí, N. (2018). Overtourism: Residents’ perceptions of tourism impact as an indicator of resident social carrying capacity - Case study of a Spanish heritage town. Tourism Review, 73(3), 277-296. DOI:10.1108/TR-08-2017-0138
23. Gorica, K. (2007). Sustainable tourism in the small and medium tourism businesses in Albania. Tourism Today, 7, 139-149
24. Gossling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C.M. (2012). Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate change. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 36-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2011.11.002
25. Hair, J.F. Jr, Babin, B., Money, A.H., & Samouel, P. (2003). Essential of business research methods. John Wiley & Sons, United States of America
26. Henar Salas-Olmedo, M., Moya-Gomez, B., & Carlos Garcia-Palomares, J. (2018). Tourists' digital footprint in cities: Comparing Big Data sources. Tourism Management 66, 13-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.11.001
27. Heslinga, J.H. (2018). Synergetic Tourism-Landscape Interactions: Policy, Public Discourse and Partnerships. University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
28. Ingaldi, M. (2020). Tourist Service Quality vs. Overtourism - Polish Example. In: International Business Information Management (IBIMA), Seville, Spain, 1-2 April 2020, Soliman Khalid, S. (eds.) Education Excellence and Innovation Management: a 2025 Vision to Sustain Economic Development during Global Challenges. International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA): Norristown, USA, pp 1703-1714
29. Japutra, A., & Hossain, M.I. (2020), Tourists' mindsets and choice of adventurous holiday activities. Current Issues In Tourism. DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2020.1814705
30. Juss, S.S. (2004). Free Movement and the World Order. International Journal of Refugee Law, 16(3), 289-335. DOI: 10.1093/ijrl/16.3.289
31. Kardas, E. (2016). The Analysis Of The Environmental Management System In One Of Municipal Plants In Poland. In: 16th International Miltidisciplinary Conference SGEM 2016, Conference Proceedings, 30 June - 6 July 2016, Albena, Bulgaria, STEF92 Technology Ltd.: Sofia, Bulgaria, Book 5. Ecology, Economics, Education and Legislation. Vol.3. Environmental Economics, pp 619 – 626
32. Katahenggam, N. (2019). Tourist perceptions and preferences of authenticity in heritage tourism: visual comparative study of George Town and Singapore. Journal Of Tourism And Cultural Change, 18(4) 371-385. DOI: 10.1080/14766825.2019.1659282
33. Koens, K., Postma, A., & Papp, B. (2018). Is Overtourism Overused? Understanding the Impact of Tourism in a City Context. Sustainability, 10(12), 4384. DOI: 10.3390/su10124384
34. Kuqi, B., Elezaj, E., Millaku, B., Dreshaj, A., & Hung, N.T. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in tourism industry: evidence of Kosovo during Q1, Q2 and Q3 period of 2020. Journal Of Sustainable Finance & Investment, DOI: 10.1080/20430795.2021.1883986
35. Larsen, G.R., & Guiver, J.W. (2013). Understanding tourists' perceptions of distance: a key to reducing the environmental impacts of tourism mobility. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(7), 968-981. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2013.81987
36. Lee, T.H., & Jan, F.-H. (2018). Can community-based tourism contribute to sustainable development? Evidence from residents' perceptions of the sustainability. Tourism Management, 70, 368-380. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.003
37. Leonte, E., Chiran, A., & Miron, P. (2016). Implementing agritourism marketing strategy as tools for the efficiency and sustainable development of rural tourism. Environmental Engineering And Management Journal, 15(12), 2663-2669. DOI: 10.30638/eemj.2016.292
38. Liao, C.S., & Chuang, H.K. (2020). Tourist preferences for package tour attributes in tourism destination design and development. Journal Of Vacation Marketing, 26(2), 230-246. DOI: 10.1177/1356766719880250
39. Miah, S.J., Vu, H.Q., & Gammack, J. (2017). A Big Data Analytics Method for Tourist Behaviour Analysis. Information & Management, 54(6), 771-785. DOI: 10.1016/j.im.2016.11.011
40. Milano, C. (2017). Overtourism and Tourismphobia: Global Trends and Local Contexts, Ostelea School of Tourism & Hospitality, Barcelona, available at: www.researchgate.net/publication/323174488_Overtourism_and_Tourismphobia_Global_trends_and_local_contexts (accessed January 31, 2019)
41. Milano, C., Cheer, J.M., & Novelli, M. (2019). Overtourism: an evolving phenomenon. In: Milano, C., Cheer, J.M., Novelli, M. (eds.) Overtourism: excesses, discontents and measures in travel and tourism, Abingdon: CABI, pp 1-17
42. Mroz, F. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on Pilgrimages and Religious Tourism in Europe During the First Six Months of the Pandemic. Journal Of Religion & Healt. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01201-0
43. Muler Gonzalez, V., Coromina, L., & Gali, N. (2018). Overtourism: residents' perceptions of tourism impact as an indicator of resident social carrying capacity - case study of a Spanish heritage town. Tourism Review, 73(3), 277-296. DOI: 10.1108/TR-08-2017-0138
44. Novy, J., & Colomb, C. (2016) Urban tourism and its discontents. An introduction. In: Colomb, C., Novy, J. (eds.) Protest and Resistance in the Tourist City, Routledge, Abingdon and New York, NY, pp. 1-30
45. Nunkoo, R., Smith, S.L.J., & Ramkissoon, H. (2012). Residents' attitudes to tourism: a longitudinal study of 140 articles from 1984 to 2010. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(1), 5-25. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2012.673621
46. Oklevik, O., Gossling, S., Hall, C.M., Jacobsen, J.K.S., Grotte, I.P., & McCabe, S. (2019). Overtourism, optimisation, and destination performance indicators: a case study of activities in Fjord Norway. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1804-1824. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1533020
47. Pan, X.F., Rasouli, S., & Timmermans, H. (2021). Investigating tourist destination choice: Effect of destination image from social network members. Tourism Management, 83, 104217. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104217
48. Peeters, P., & Dubois, G. (2010). Tourism travel under climate change mitigation constraints. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(3), 447-457. DOI:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.09.003
49. Perkumiene, D., & Pranskuniene, R. (2019). Overtourism: Between the Right to Travel and Residents’ Rights. Sustainability, 11(7), 2138. DOI:10.3390/su11072138
50. Scheyvens, R. (2009). Pro-Poor Tourism: Is There Value Beyond the Rhetoric?. Tourism Recreation Research, 34(2), 191-196. DOI: 10.1080/02508281.2009.11081590
51. Staniszewska, E., Klimecka-Tatar, D., & Obrecht, M. (2020). Eco-design processes in the automotive industry. Production Engineering Archives, 26(4), 131-137. DOI: 10.30657/pea.2020.26.25
52. Tekalign, M., Zevert, N.G., Weldegebriel, A., Poesen, J., Nyssen, J., Van Rompaey, A., Norgrove, L., Muys, B., & Vranken, L. (2018). Do Tourists' Preferences Match the Host Community's Initiatives? A Study of Sustainable Tourism in One of Africa's Oldest Conservation Areas. Sustainability, 10(11), 4167. DOI: 10.3390/su10114167
53. Teplická, K., & Hurná, S. (2020). New approach of costs of quality according their trend of during long period in industrial enterprises in SMEs. Management Systems in Production Engineering, 29(1), 20-26. DOI: 10.2478/mspe-2021-0003
54. Ulewicz, R. & Blaskova, M (2018). Sustainable development and knowledge management from the stakeholders' point of view. Polish Journal Of Management Studies, 18(2), 363-374. DOI: 10.17512/pjms.2018.18.2.29
55. Ungureanu, D. (2008). Sustainable development alternatives by rural tourism and agritourism in the Romanian mountain rural area. Amfiteatru Economic, 10, 207-212, SI: 2
56. UNWTO (2018) ‘Overtourism’? – Understanding and Managing Urban Tourism Growth beyond Perceptions. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Centre of Expertise Leisure, Tourism & Hospitality, NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences, and NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences. Madrid: UNWTO. DOI: 10.18111/9789284419999
57. Zelga-Szmidla, A., & Kapustka, K. (2019). Eco-Innovation in Municipalities as an Element of Smaller Agglomerations Sustainable Development - Case Study. Conference Quality Production Improvement – CQPI, 1(1), 110-116. DOI: 10.2478/cqpi-2019-0015
